Where did karl von drais live
Karl Drais
German inventor
Karl Freiherr von Drais | |
|---|---|
Karl Drais, c. , then still a baron | |
| Born | Karl Friedrich Christian Ludwig Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn ()29 April Karlsruhe, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 10 December () (aged&#;66) Karlsruhe, Baden, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation | Inventor |
Karl Freiherr von Drais (full name: Karl Friedrich Christian Ludwig Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn; 29 April – 10 December ) was a noble German forest official and significant inventor in the Biedermeier period.
He was born and died in Karlsruhe. He is seen as "the father of the bicycle".[1]
Bicycle
Drais was a prolific inventor, who invented the Laufmaschine ("running machine"),[2] also later called the velocipede, draisine (English) or draisienne (French), also nicknamed the hobby horse or dandy horse.
This was his most popular and widely recognized invention. It incorporated the two-wheeler principle that is basic to the bicycle and motorcycle and was the beginning of mechanized personal transport.[3] This was the earliest form of a bicycle, without pedals.
His first reported ride from Mannheim to the "Schwetzinger Relaishaus" (a coaching inn, located in "Rheinau", today a district of Mannheim) took place on 12 June using Baden's best road.
Karl rode his bike;[4] it was a distance of about 7 kilometres (&#;mi).
Peter henlein: His next invention was two four-wheeled machines that could be propelled by muscular power. Archived from the original on 11 April Als am Categories : births deaths Scientists from Karlsruhe 19th-century German inventors Heidelberg University alumni Sustainable transport pioneers.
The round trip took him a little more than an hour but may be seen as the big bang for horseless transport. However, after marketing the velocipede, it became apparent that roads were so rutted by carriages that it was hard to balance on the machine for long, so velocipede riders took to the pavements (sidewalks) and moved far too quickly, endangering pedestrians.
Consequently, authorities in Germany, Great Britain, the United States, and even Calcutta banned its use, which ended its vogue for decades.[5]
Other inventions
Drais also invented the earliest typewriter with a keyboard (). He later developed an early stenograph machine which used 16 characters (), a device to record piano music on paper (), the first meat grinder (s), and a wood-saving cooker including the earliest hay chest.
He also invented two four-wheeled human powered vehicles (/), the second of which he presented in Vienna to the congress carving up Europe after Napoleon's defeat.[6] In , he developed a foot-driven human powered railway vehicle whose name "draisine" is used even today for railway handcars.[5]
Time as civil servant
Drais was unable to market his inventions for profit because he was still a civil servant of Baden, even though he was being paid without providing active service.
Karl friedrich von drais biography definition us history June Learn how and when to remove this message. Juli Archived from the original on 11 April This incorporated the two-wheeler principle that is basic to the bicycle and motorcycle and was the beginning of mechanized personal transport.As a result, on 12 January , Drais was awarded a grand-ducal privilege (Großherzogliches Privileg) to protect his inventions for 10 years in Baden by the younger Grand DukeKarl.[7] Grand Duke Karl also appointed Drais professor of mechanics. This was merely an honorary title, not related to any university or other institution.
Drais retired from the civil service and was awarded a pension for his appointment to professor of mechanical science.[5]
Upheaval
In , trouble overtook Drais when the political murder of the author August von Kotzebue was followed by the beheading of the perpetrator, Karl Ludwig Sand. In , Drais was a fervent liberal who supported revolution in Baden.
Drais's conservative father, as the highest Judge of Baden, had not entered a plea for pardon in the beheading of Karl Ludwig Sand, and the younger Drais was mobbed by the student partisans everywhere in Germany due to his family ties.
Therefore, Drais emigrated to Brazil where he lived from to , and worked as a land surveyor on the fazenda of Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff. In , he returned to Mannheim. Three years later in , Drais's father died and the younger Drais was mobbed by jealous rivals.[5]
In , after surviving a murderous attack in , he moved to the village of Waldkatzenbach in the hills of Odenwald and remained there until During this period, he invented the railway handcar (later known as the draisine).
Finally, he moved back to his place of birth, Karlsruhe. In , and still a fervent radical, Drais gave up his title of Baron and dropped the "von" from his name. Subsequently, after the revolution collapsed, he was in a very bad position. The royalists tried to have him certified as mad and locked up.
Karl friedrich von drais biography definition ap Leben [ Bearbeiten Quelltext bearbeiten ]. Karlsruhe , Holy Roman Empire. Contact About Privacy. The round trip took him a little more than an hour but may be seen as the big bang for horseless transport.His pension was confiscated to help to pay for the "costs of revolution" after it was suppressed by the Prussians.[8]
Death
Drais's undoing had been the fact that he had publicly renounced his noble title in , and adopted the name "Citizen Karl Drais" as a tribute to the French Revolution.[1]
Karl Drais died penniless on 10 December in Karlsruhe.[7] The house in which he lived last is just two blocks away from where at that time a young Carl Benz was raised.[citation needed]
Tributes
In , West Germany issued a commemorative postage stamp, a semipostal 50 Pf+25 Pf surcharge, in remembrance of the th anniversary of Karl Drais's birthday.[5]
On 29 April , Google celebrated th Birthday of Karl Drais with a doodle.[9]
In , Germany issued a commemorative postage stamp ( Euro) in remembrance of the th anniversary of Karl Drais's first run of his "running machine" on 12 June The stamp shows the machine plus as its shadow, a bicycle.[10]
See also
References
Bibliography
- Hans-Erhard Lessing: Karl Drais – zwei Räder statt vier Hufe.
G. Braun Buchverlag, Karlsruhe ISBN&#;
- Hans-Erhard Lessing: Automobilität – Karl Drais und die unglaublichen Anfänge. Maxime-Verlag, Leipzig ISBN&#;
- Hermann Ebeling: Der Freiherr von Drais: das tragische Leben des „verrückten Barons“. Ein Erfinderschicksal im Biedermeier.Levi strauss The royalists tried to have him certified as mad and locked up. However, his invention received numerous criticisms, ranging from slow speed to strong shaking during movement. Drais retired from the civil service and was awarded a pension for his appointment to professor of mechanical science. Als am
Braun, Karlsruhe ISBN&#;
- Heinz Schmitt: Karl Friedrich Drais von Sauerbronn: –; ein badischer Erfinder; Ausstellung zu seinem Geburtstag; Stadtgeschichte im Prinz-Max-Palais, Karlsruhe, 9. März– Mai ; Städt. Reiss-Museum Mannheim, 5. Juli– August Stadtarchiv Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe
- Michael Rauck: Karl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn: Erfinder und Unternehmer (–).Karl friedrich von drais biography definition The royalists tried to have him certified as mad and locked up. John Boyd Dunlop - Familiar with making rubber devices he re-invented pneumatic tyres for his child's tricycle and developed them for use in cycle racing Karl von Drais Karl Drais April 29, — December 10, was a German inventor, who invented the Laufmaschine "running machine" , also later called the velocipede, draisine English or draisienne French , also nicknamed the dandy horse. Nobuhiro Watsuki.
Steiner, Stuttgart ISBN&#;
- Karl Hasel: Karl Friedrich Frhr. Drais von Sauerbronn, in Peter Weidenbach (Red.): Biographie bedeutender Forstleute aus Baden-Württemberg. Schriftenreihe der Landesforstverwaltung Baden-Württemberg, Band Herausgegeben vom Ministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Umwelt Baden-Württemberg.
Landesforstverwaltung Baden-Württemberg und Baden-Württembergische Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt, Stuttgart und Freiburg im Breisgau , pp.&#;99–